Meniscus Tears and Swimmers: Understanding the Risk and When to Seek Help

Swimming is often hailed as a low-impact and joint-friendly, however, swimmers are not immune to knee issues, including meniscus tears.

So, how does a meniscus tear happen in a sport with no jumping or twisting on land? And when is it time to seek the help of a physical therapist?

The Link Between Swimming and Meniscus Tears

A meniscus tear is a common knee injury that affects the C-shaped pieces of cartilage that act as shock absorbers between your shinbone and thighbone. While they often result from a sudden, forceful twist or pivot, they can also occur over time due to degenerative changes.

For swimmers, the risk of a meniscus tear is primarily linked to the repetitive kicking motion, particularly in the breaststroke. The breaststroke "whip kick" involves a combination of knee flexion, external rotation, and rapid extension, which can place significant stress on the inner structures of the knee, including the medial meniscus. This can lead to a condition sometimes referred to as "Breaststroker's knee."

Other factors that can increase a swimmer's risk of a meniscus tear include:

• Improper Technique: Poor form, such as generating force from the knees instead of the hips, can exacerbate stress on the joint.

• Muscle Imbalances: Weak glutes and hamstrings can lead to poor knee stability and increase the risk of injury.

• Overtraining: Repetitive motions without adequate rest can lead to cumulative wear and tear on the joint.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Meniscus Tear

Symptoms of a meniscus tear can vary in severity, but commonly include:

• Pain in the knee, especially when twisting or rotating.

• Swelling and stiffness.

• A popping or clicking sensation.

• Difficulty fully bending or straightening the knee.

• A feeling that the knee is "locking" or getting "stuck."

It's important to note that not all meniscus tears are painful or require immediate intervention.

When to See a Physical Therapist

If you're a swimmer experiencing persistent knee pain, it's crucial to get a proper diagnosis. A physical therapist can play a vital role in your recovery, often serving as a first line of defense before considering surgery. Here’s when you should definitely seek their help:

• Initial Symptoms: If you experience knee pain, swelling, or a feeling of instability that doesn't improve with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) within a few days, a physical therapist can evaluate your injury and recommend a conservative treatment plan.

• Conservative Treatment: For many tears, particularly degenerative ones or those not causing mechanical locking, physical therapy is often as effective as surgery in improving function and reducing pain. A PT will design a program to strengthen the muscles around the knee, improve stability, and restore your range of motion.

• Before and After Surgery: If your tear is severe enough to require surgery, a physical therapist can help in two key ways:

  • Pre-rehabilitation: Strengthening your knee before surgery can significantly improve your recovery time and outcome.

  • Post-operative rehabilitation: A PT will guide you through a structured program to restore strength, flexibility, and endurance, helping you safely return to the pool and your previous level of activity.

• Persistent Pain or Mechanical Symptoms: If your knee continues to be painful, swells, or "locks up," it's a strong indicator that you should see a healthcare professional, who may then refer you to a physical therapist or an orthopedic surgeon.

A physical therapist will provide a personalized approach, including manual therapy, targeted strengthening exercises, and guidance on how to safely return to your sport. They can also help you identify and correct any technique issues or muscle imbalances that may have contributed to the injury in the first place, helping to prevent future setbacks.

Ultimately, while swimming is an excellent exercise for joint health, it's not without its risks. If you or someone you know is having knee pain and would like to schedule a consult, you can click here!

In good health,

Dr. Sandra and Team